{"id":275,"date":"2023-04-24T18:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T18:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/blog\/?p=275"},"modified":"2025-03-19T11:24:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T11:24:30","slug":"how-to-choose-an-o-ring-for-harsh-environments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/blog\/?p=275","title":{"rendered":"How to Choose an O-Ring for Harsh Environments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When designing seals for tough applications, your o-ring should be your first point of consideration. Choosing the right o-ring for harsh environments will make or break your seal. It can be frustrating and difficult to find a well-designed o-ring made from the right material for your environment, but you can start by considering the primary factors that will impact your seal, including but not limited to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemical exposure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steam<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dynamic or static applications<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you determine these parameters, you can tackle the next hurdle: choosing your o-ring material.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choosing Your O-Ring Material<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on your parameters and application, certain rubbers or plastics might be better suited for your needs. We have compiled a list of four common formulas best suited for a variety of applications and price points.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/markez-o-rings.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perfluoroelastomer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/ffkm-o-rings.htm\">FFKM<\/a>) was first developed in the 1960s. It is a fluorinated, carbon-based synthetic rubber. FFKM is known for its chemical resistance, heat resistance, and high-performance capabilities. FFKM is the typical choice for many applications. Although it can be on the expensive side, FFKM usually outlasts inferior alternatives, making it more cost effective in the long-run.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pros:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Features high temperature ratings, up to approximately 635\u00b0F (335\u00b0C), and lower temperatures, going down to -49\u00b0F (-45\u00b0C)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nearly universal chemical compatibility<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excellent gas and liquid permeation resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excellent weather ability and ozone resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-extinguishing and non-flammable in air<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low outgassing properties (low extractables)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good mechanical properties, improving sealing performance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for explosive decompression, CIP (Clean in Place), SIP (Steam in Place), USP Class VI, and FDA<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FFKM should not be used with molten or gaseous alkali metals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Premium cost<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Related: Four <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/blog\/4-examples-of-perfluoroelastomer-o-ring-ffkm-compounds\/\">types of perfluoroelastomers<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What applications is FFKM best suited for?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FFKM is best suited for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/high-temperature-seals\">high temperature applications<\/a> where other materials would fail. We see FFKM in almost every industry, but particularly oil and gas (where its rapid gas decompression and explosive decompression qualities are critical), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/medical-o-rings.htm\">medical and pharmaceutical applications<\/a> (as it can withstand autoclaving and gamma radiation), and semiconductors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some specific FFKM applications include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquid chromatography equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanical seals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Painting equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pumps &amp; valves<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aerospace fuels, Skydrol &amp; oils<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FFKM is also suited for a number of semiconductor applications:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemical sprayers, injectors and reactors<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Connectors, Controls &amp; Filters<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petro-Chem equipment, Sour gas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ink handling &amp; spraying equipment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inorganic &amp; Organic Acids &amp; Alkine<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ketones, Esters, Ethers, Aldehydes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Etch<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strip<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LPCVD<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litho\/Track<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ECP<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exhaust valves<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/teflon-o-rings.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polytetrafluoroethylene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is also known as PTFE or teflon. Similar to FFKM, PTFE has a high molecular weight of fluorine and carbon. PTFE is a hard plastic, though, making it inelastic and very rigid, whereas FFKM is extremely flexible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pros:\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unaffected by all known acids, alkalis, and solvents allowing for maximum chemical resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low coefficient of friction, making it an excellent nonstick option<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Very wide temperature range, from -329\u00b0F (-200\u00b0C) to 482\u00b0F (250\u00b0C)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemically inert<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-cleaning<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Durable<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-flammable<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good corrosion resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High electrical resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Very hard; therefore, it exhibits poor compression set<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It cannot be cemented<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is unweldable<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What applications is PTFE best suited for?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PTFE is best suited for applications that do not need a high compression set, but also need excellent chemical and temperature resistance. This includes medical devices, coatings, and pest control. It also works well in ultra-low temperatures, such as aerospace, and automotive manufacturing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethylene Propylene (EPDM)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/epdm-o-rings.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethylene Propylene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (EPDM) is an extremely durable copolymer that offers some of the best cold temperature resistance that can be found.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pros:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excellent resistance to ozone, sunlight, and weathering<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can withstand extremely cold temperatures, with an operating temperature as low as -58\u00b0F (-50\u00b0C) (with highs of 302\u00b0F (150\u00b0C))<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compresses well<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highly resistant to tears, abrasion, and steam<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adheres to metal very well<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Works well with adhesives<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Does not fare well with fuels, oils, and non-polar solvents<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What applications is EPDM best suited for?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EPDM is best suited for weatherproofing because it can withstand elements extremely well. It is frequently found in roofing, windows, doors, cell towers, and other outdoor applications. It also works well with applications that use steam, as well as automotive brake fluid, vibration dampeners, and isolators.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/buna-n-o-rings.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrile Butadiene Rubber<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (NBR) is one of the most popular elastomers on the market. It is very common in a number of applications due to its low cost and comprehensive benefits. NBR can be a potential solution for harsh environments, such as extremely abrasive applications.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pros:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excellent abrasion resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good compression set<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good tear resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good non-polar solvent resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good water resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good oil resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheaper than fluoroelastomers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good low temp resistance to -65\u00b0F (-54\u00b0C)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good oil and fuel resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low cost<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons:<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor ozone, sunlight, and weather resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limited high temperature resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor flame resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What applications is NBR best suited for?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NBR is used universally in basic sealing applications because it is low cost and offers comprehensive benefits as well as physical properties. We see it often in automotive, water treatment and filtration, and pool and spa applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In harsh environments, NBR excels in aerospace and other low temperature applications. It also functions well in dynamic applications where other polymers would fail.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-278 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"When choosing your o-ring for harsh environments, you need to start by considering the o-ring's material. Common, durable materials include FFKM, PTFE, EPDM, and NBR.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.marcorubber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_2261863551.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making Your Final Decision<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In harsh environments, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/blog\/how-to-choose-your-o-ring-for-the-ideal-seal\/\">choosing the right material for your o-ring<\/a> is the first thing you should do, but there are numerous other considerations. You might need a different shape or size than you originally intended. While you might originally consider NBR due to its price point, it might fail so often that an FFKM o-ring could have saved you money from the start, even with a higher initial investment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best thing you can do to make your final decision is to work with a sealing expert who can offer you their expertise and custom solutions. Take this example, for instance, when a manufacturer of high-pressure vessels came to our engineers here at Marco Rubber looking for a solution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They needed a seal for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/high-pressure-o-rings.htm\">high pressure<\/a>, high temperature vessel that needed to resist 20,000 PSI and temperatures as high as 550\u00b0F. As an added difficulty: it had to fit into a regular o-ring groove with no back-up rings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our team was able to identify one of our proprietary high temperature perfluoroelastomer compounds, Markez Z1028, that can withstand temperatures up to 600\u00b0F. Our experts also spotted a few design components that could be improved to prevent the formation of an extrusion gap on the metal joints at high temperatures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By making these changes and using the recommended Markez compound, this manufacturer had a functioning seal that passed all required testing and was put into operation!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our FFKM line, Markez, has been the solution for many manufacturers. We have compounds to fit almost every need, including one that is manufactured, cleaned, and packaged in a cleanroom for ultrapure requirements. It is available at both a fraction of the cost and the lead time of other FFKM formulations, with an average 6-8 week lead time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not to mention you get the benefit of working with our experts to develop a solution just for you! If you want an expert\u2019s eyes on your design and their expertise to save you work down the line, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/inquiry-quote.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contact us today.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Related Pages<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/high-temperature-seals\">High temperature seals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/high-pressure-o-rings.htm\">High pressure O-Rings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/ffkm-o-rings.htm\">FFKM O-Rings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/markez-o-rings.htm\">Markez FFKM O-Rings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marcorubber.com\/medical-o-rings.htm\">Medical O-Rings<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When designing seals for tough applications, your o-ring should be your first point of consideration. Choosing the right o-ring for harsh environments will make or break your seal. It can be frustrating and difficult to find a well-designed o-ring made from the right material for your environment, but you can start by considering the primary [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Choose an O-Ring for Harsh Environments | Marco Rubber and Plastics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When choosing your o-ring for harsh environments, you need to start by considering the o-ring&#039;s material. 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